Kupu Whakataki
Hei tautoko nui mō te hanga matatau, kua kite te hiranga o ngā rūma ma i te tipu nui o te hiranga i roto i te tekau tau kua hipa. Nā te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau me te tipu haere o te tono mākete, kua eke te hanga hangarau rūma ma me ngā ratonga tautoko ki tētahi pikinga kounga i roto i te tauine me te tohungatanga.
Hei peka e piki haere ana te uara o te hanga miihini, ehara i te mea ka pā noa te miihini rūma ma ki ngā āhuatanga matua pēnei i te whakahaere kounga hua me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa, engari ka pā tika hoki ki te whakataetae a ngā kamupene me te whanaketanga hauora me te pumau o te mekameka ahumahi katoa. Nō reira, kua whakaatu katoa ngā kaihanga kaupapa here i ngā taumata ā-motu me ā-rohe, me ngā umanga haumi me ngā kaiuru ahumahi, i te aro nui me te tautoko mō tēnei wāhanga mākete.
Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakaatu whānui i te āhua o nāianei me ngā ia whanaketanga o ngā kamupene hanga miihini rūma horoi ā-rohe mā te tātari tatauranga o ngā kamupene kei roto i ā rātou mōhiohio rēhita ahumahi me te arumoni ngā kupu "engineering ruma horoi" me te "engineering purenga" (e kiia nei i muri nei ko te "engineering purenga"), kia puta ai he tirohanga whānui.
I te mutunga o Noema 2024, e 9,220 ngā kamupene pēnei i whakaurua puta noa i te motu, e 7,016 o ēnei i mahi noa, ā, e 2,417 kua tangohia te rēhita. He mea nui, mai i te tau 2010, kua piki haere tonu te maha o ngā kamupene miihini rūma ma: i te tīmatanga, tata ki te 200 ngā kamupene hou i tāpirihia i ia tau, ā, kua piki ki te 800-900 i ngā tau tata nei, me te tere tipu toharite neke atu i te 10%.
I te tau 2024, i tino puhoi te tere tipu o te mākete o te umanga miihini rūma ma. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, ko te maha o ngā kamupene hou i whakatūria mai i Hānuere ki Noema he 612, he hekenga 37% mai i te 973 i te wā kotahi o te tau 2023. Ko tēnei hekenga tētahi o ngā hekenga nui onge i roto i ngā tau 15 kua hipa. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhiotia ahakoa ngā wero, ko te ōwehenga o ngā kamupene hou i whakatūria i te tau i noho tonu ki runga ake i te 9%, he nui ake i te tere tipu toharite o te umanga hanga whānui.
Mai i te tirohanga ā-whenua, he tino teitei te kukū o ngā kamupene hangarau rūma horoi i te rohe, me te nui o ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rohe matua. Ko ngā kawanatanga e rima e hono ana, arā, ko Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, me Zhejiang, ko ngā pokapū matua o te umanga, ā, e whai tata ana ko te Porowini o Guangdong. He rerekē tēnei tauira i te tohatoha tuturu o ngā kaupapa hou. Hei tauira, he maha ngā kaupapa hangarau rūma horoi i ngā kawanatanga pērā i a Zhejiang me Hebei, engari kāore te maha o ngā kamupene hangarau rūma horoi ā-rohe i te teitei.
Hei mārama ake i te kaha o ia kawanatanga i roto i te umanga miihini rūma ma me te rūma ma, ka whakamahia e tēnei tuhinga te whakapaipai kua utua hei ine, e whakarōpū ana i ngā kamupene he nui ake i te RMB 5 miriona te whakapaipai kua utua hei kaiārahi i roto i te rāngai. Mai i te tirohanga ā-whenua, ka whakaatuhia e tēnei whakarōpūtanga ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe: Ko ngā kawanatanga o Jiangsu me Guangdong e tū pakari ana nā te kaha o ō rātou ōhanga. He rerekē, ahakoa he nui ake ngā kamupene o ngā kawanatanga o Shandong, Henan, me Anhui, kāore rātou i te tino eke ki runga ake i ētahi atu kawanatanga i runga i te maha o ngā kamupene matua, me te pupuri tonu i te maha o ngā kamupene matua.
Mā te tirotiro i ngā tere tipu o ngā kawanatanga me ngā tāone nui i roto i ngā tau e rima kua pahure ake nei, ka kitea, ahakoa te kaha o te mahi whānui, kei muri tonu te Porowini o Guangdong i te pakanga mō te tūranga o runga i te rima. I taua wā, kua whakaatu ngā kawanatanga o Hubei me Jiangxi, kei waenganui o Haina, i te kaha o te tipu. He mea nui te kite i te taumata tāone o te rohe, kua whakaatu ngā tāone matua o roto o Zhengzhou, Wuhan, me Hefei i tētahi ia pikinga nui ake. E hangai ana tēnei ki te rautaki whanaketanga ā-motu e neke ana ki ngā rohe o waenganui me te hauauru, kei reira ēnei rohe e piki haere ana hei kaiārahi matua mō te whanaketanga ahumahi.
Ko Suzhou me Wujiang, ngā tāone matua o te Porowini o Jiangsu. Mō te motu whānui, 16 noa iho ngā tāone taumata-rohe e whakamanamana ana ki te neke atu i te 100 ngā kamupene e mahi ana i roto i te rāngai hangarau purenga. Ko te Rohe o Wujiang i Suzhou te kaiārahi me te tata ki te 600 ngā kamupene, he nui ake i ngā tāone katoa. Hei tāpiri, ko te maha o ngā kamupene i roto i ngā tāone taumata-rohe i te porowini he nui ake i te toharite o te porowini. He mea nui, ko te maha o ngā kamupene hou i whakatūria i roto i ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei he nui ake i ētahi atu rohe, me te neke atu i te haurua he pūtea kua utua (ki te whakataurite ki te maha o ngā tāone i roto i ētahi atu porowini, ko te nuinga o ngā kamupene hou kāore anō kia oti i a rātou taua utu).
Ko te Porowini o Guangdong, he kaiārahi i te Tonga o Haina, e kite ana i te ngoikore o te tipu. Hei kaiārahi i te Tonga o Haina, kei te tuarua tonu te tūranga o te Porowini o Guangdong i roto i te rāngai hangarau horoi. Heoi, i ngā tau tata nei, kua pāngia e ngā wero ki te tāpiri i ngā kamupene hou, ā, kua puhoi te tipu. Heoi, he nui te aro o te Porowini o Guangdong ki tana rāngai hangarau rūma horoi. Ehara i te mea ko Guangdong, Shenzhen, me Zhuhai anake te wāhi e noho ai te nuinga o ngā rauemi hinonga e pā ana ki te porowini, engari kei roto tonu i ngā tāone e rima o runga puta noa i te motu.
Porowini o Shandong: He whānui te horapa, he nui te tauine engari he ngoikore te kaha. He rerekē rawa atu ki a Jiangsu me Guangdong, he nui te horapa o te rāngai hangarau rūma horoi o te Porowini o Shandong. Ahakoa i roto i ngā tāone nui me ngā tāone nui pēnei i a Jinan me Qingdao, kāore te taumata kukū i teitei ake i ngā tāone nui o ētahi atu porowini. Heoi anō, i runga i te maha o ngā tāngata, kei roto tonu a Shandong i ngā tāone matua e toru o te motu. Heoi anō, ko tēnei āhuatanga "nui engari kāore i te kaha" e whakaatahia ana hoki i roto i te korenga o ngā umanga ārahi. Heoi anō, he mea whakatenatena, kua nui ake te maha o ngā umanga hou kua whakatūria i te Porowini o Shandong i tērā o te Porowini o Guangdong i ngā tau tata nei, e whakaatu ana i te kaha tipu.
Whakarāpopototanga
E matapaetia ana e mātou ētahi au whanaketanga matua mō ngā kamupene miihini rūma horoi ā-rohe. Tuatahi, ka puhoi te tipu whānui, ā, ko te iti o te tuku ka arahi pea ki te hekenga atu o te maha o ngā umanga hou. Tuarua, ka piki haere te kaha o te kukū o te ahumahi me te "pānga upoko", ka tere ake te whakakore i ngā umanga e whakaroa ana, i te mea e tumanakohia ana ka nui ake te wāhi mākete o ngā umanga matua me te whakataetae matua. Hei whakamutunga, e tumanakohia ana ka puta ake ngā kamupene i ētahi tāone o uta, inā koa i ngā tāone matua o te kawanatanga, kei reira ngā whetu e ara ake ana, he kaha ki te whakataetae ki ngā kamupene matua i roto i ngā "pokapū purenga" kua whakapumautia pērā i a Jiangsu me Guangzhou. Ehara i te mea ko ēnei huringa anake te tohu i te hanganga hou o te ahumahi engari he whai wāhitanga hou me ngā wero mō ngā rohe me ngā kamupene rerekē.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-19-2025