Ko te kaupapa o te horoi me te patu huakita he whakarite kia tutuki i te rūma ma te taumata horoi moroiti e hiahiatia ana i roto i te wā tika. Nō reira, he wāhanga nui te horoi me te patu huakita o te rūma ma ki te whakahaere i te poke. E waru ngā mahi matua e whai ake nei mō te horoi me te patu huakita hei whakarite i te "ma" o te rūma ma.
1. Te māramatanga tika ki te horoi me te patu huakita
He ariā rerekē te horoi me te patu huakita, e rua ngā ariā e pōhēhē ana i ētahi wā. Ko te horoi, ko te tikanga, ko te whakamahi i ngā hopi horoi, ā, me mahi i mua i te patu huakita. Ka horoi ngā hopi horoi i ngā mata, ka tango i te "hinu" o te mata (pēnei i te puehu me te hinu). He taahiraa nui te tango hinu i mua i te patu huakita, nā te mea ka nui ake te hinu o te mata e toe ana, ka iti ake te whai huatanga o te patu huakita.
Ko te tikanga ka uru ngā hopi horoi ki roto i te hinu, ka whakaiti i te kaha o te mata (ka piri te hinu ki te mata) kia taea ai te tango (heoi anō, ka whakanui ake ngā hopi horoi i te kaha horoi o te wai).
Ko te patu huakita he patu huakita matū, ka taea te patu i te tini o ngā momo tipu moroiti (ko ētahi patu huakita he patu huakita anō hoki).
2. Te whiriwhiri i ngā kaihoroi me ngā patu huakita tino tika
He mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā kaihoroi me ngā patu huakita e tika ana. Me whakarite e ngā kaiwhakahaere rūma horoi te whai huatanga o ngā kaihoroi me ngā patu huakita, me te whiriwhiri i ngā kaihoroi me ngā patu huakita e tika ana mō ia momo rūma horoi. He mea nui kia mōhio kāore e taea te whakaranu i ētahi kaihoroi me ngā patu huakita.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi kaihoroi, he mea nui kia whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
a) Me noho kūpapa te kaihoroi, ā, kaua e ionic.
b) Kaua te mea horoi e pahuka.
c) Me hototahi te kaihoroi ki te patu huakita (arā, kaua te toenga o te kaihoroi e whakararu i te whai huatanga o te patu huakita).
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi rongoā patu huakita, me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
a) Hei whakatutuki i ngā ture GMP, me whakawhiti ngā patu huakita e rua. Ahakoa e hiahiatia ana e ngā mana whakahaere te whakamahi i ngā patu huakita rerekē e rua, ki te taha pūtaiao, kāore tēnei e tika ana. Hei whakatika i tēnei, me whiriwhiri kia rua ngā patu huakita he rerekē te whai huatanga. He mea tika kia whiriwhiria tētahi patu huakita hei patu i ngā pua huakita.
b) Me whānui te whānuitanga o te mahi a te patu huakita, arā, ka taea e ia te patu i te whānuitanga o ngā momo tipu moroiti, tae atu ki ngā huakita karamu-kino me ngā huakita karamu-pai.
c) Ko te mea pai, me tere te mahi a te patu huakita. Ko te tere o te patu huakita e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā pa e hiahiatia ana kia patua ai e te patu huakita te taupori moroiti. Ko tēnei wā pa ko te roa o te wā me noho mākū tonu te mata e pania ana te patu huakita ki runga.
d) Kaua ngā toenga rauropi me ngā toenga hopi horoi e pā ki te whai huatanga o te patu huakita.
e) Mō ngā rūma ma kounga teitei ake (hei tauira, ISO 14644 Akomanga 5 me te 7), me horoi, me whakahoromata rānei ngā patu huakita e ngā kaiwhakahaere rūma ma.
f) Me tika te whakamahi i te patu huakita i te pāmahana mahi o te rūma horoi. Mena he rūma pouaka whakamātao te rūma horoi, me manatoko te whai huatanga o te patu huakita i taua pāmahana.
g) Kaua te patu huakita e kino ki ngā rauemi e patu huakitahia ana. Mena ka tūpono he kino, me mahi ngā mahi hei ārai. He maha ngā patu huakita e patu ana i ngā pua huakita kei roto he chlorine, ka taea te kino ki ngā rauemi pēnei i te maitai kore waikura mena kāore e tangohia wawetia te toenga i muri i te whakamahinga.
h) Me noho haumaru te patu huakita ki ngā kaiwhakahaere, ā, me tutuki hoki i ngā ture hauora me te haumaru ā-rohe.
i) Me utu te patu huakita, me ngāwari ki te whakaranu, ā, me wātea hoki i roto i ngā ipu e tika ana, pērā i ngā pounamu rehu ringaringa. 3. Te Mārama ki ngā momo patu huakita rerekē
He maha ngā momo patu huakita, he pai mō ngā momo patu huakita rerekē, ā, he rerekē hoki te whai huatanga ki ngā moroiti. He maha ngā huarahi ka taea e ngā patu huakita te mahi ki ngā pūtau moroiti, tae atu ki te aro ki te pakitara pūtau, ki te kiriuhi cytoplasmic (kei reira ngā phospholipids me ngā whākōkī e whakarato ana i ngā momo whāinga nakunaku), ki te cytoplasm rānei. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei momo patu huakita ina whiriwhiri ana i waenga i ngā patu huakita e patu ana i ngā pua me ngā kore-paoa (te wehewehe i waenga i ngā matū kore-waikura me ngā matū waikura).
Ko ngā patu huakita kore-waikura ko ngā waipiro, ngā aldehyde, ngā amphoteric surfactants, ngā biguanides, ngā phenols, me ngā pūhui ammonium quaternary. Ko ngā patu huakita waikura ko ngā halogens me ngā āpiha waikura pērā i te waikawa peracetic me te chlorine dioxide.
4. Te whakamana i ngā patu huakita
Ko te whakamana he whakamātautau taiwhanga mā te whakamahi i ngā paerewa AOAC (Amerika) me ngā paerewa Pākehā rānei. Ka taea e te kaihanga patu huakita te mahi i ētahi whakamātautau, ko ētahi me mahi i roto i te whare. Ko te whakamana patu huakita he whakamātautau wero, e uru ana ki te whakamātautau i ngā otinga patu huakita o ngā kukū rerekē (hei whakatārewatanga), te whakamātautau i ngā mata rerekē, me te whakamātautau i te whai huatanga o te patu huakita o ngā momo moroiti rerekē, tae atu ki ngā moroiti i wehea mai i roto i te whare.
5. Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whai huatanga o te patu huakita
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te whai huatanga o ngā patu huakita. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei āhuatanga kia angitu ai ngā mahi patu huakita. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whai huatanga o ngā patu huakita ko:
a) Te Kukū: Ko te whiriwhiri i te kukū e whakarite ana i te tere whakamate moroiti teitei rawa atu. He kōrero pakiwaitara te whakaaro he nui ake ngā huakita e mate ana i ngā kukū nui ake o te patu huakita, nā te mea ka whai hua noa ngā patu huakita i te kukū tika.
b) Te Roanga: He mea nui te roa o te paninga o te patu huakita. Me nui te wā e hiahiatia ana kia piri ai te patu huakita ki ngā moroiti, kia uru ki roto i ngā pakitara pūtau, kia tae atu hoki ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana.
c) Te maha me te momo o ngā moroiti. Kāore i te tino whai hua ngā patu huakita ki ētahi momo tipu moroiti. Hei tauira, ki te huihui he rōpū nui o ngā pua moroiti motuhake, ka kore e whai hua ngā patu huakita kāore e kaha ki te patu i ngā pua huakita. d) Te Pāmahana me te pH: He pH me te awhe pāmahana tino pai tō ia patu huakita mō te whai huatanga tino pai. Mena kei waho o ēnei awhe te pāmahana me te pH, ka ngoikore te whai huatanga o te patu huakita.
6. Ngā rauemi horoi
Me tika ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana mō te patu huakita me te horoi, ā, me āhei hoki te pania kia ōrite te paparanga angiangi o ia hopi horoi me ia patu huakita. Ko ngā kai horoi me ngā patu huakita e whakamahia ana ki ngā papa, ngā mata taputapu, me ngā pakitara i roto i ngā wāhi whakaputa paru, me whai tiwhikete rūma ma, ā, kāore he matūriki (hei tauira, ngā papanga kore-whatu, te huruhuru hipi kore-miro).
7. Ngā tikanga horoi
He mea nui ngā tikanga horoi me te patu huakita. Mēnā kāore i te tika te whakamahi i ngā hopi me ngā patu huakita, e kore e taea te horoi pai i ngā mata. Kāore e taea e ngā patu huakita te uru ki te paparanga mata hinuhinu, ka piki ake te taumata poke o ngā moroiti i roto i te whare. Me whai tikanga horoi me te patu huakita kua tohua, pēnei i:
Horoia te puehu me ngā paru (mēnā e tika ana); Horoia ki te wai hopi horoi kia maroke ai te hopi horoi; Horoia ki te wai patu huakita hei pupuri i te makuku o ngā mata e pā ana, hei pupuri hoki i te roa o te wā e pā ana; Horoia ki te wai hei werohanga, ki te 70% IPA rānei (waipiro isopropyl) hei tango i ngā toenga patu huakita.
8. Te aroturuki i te whai huatanga o te horoi me te patu huakita
Ko te whai huatanga o te horoi me te patu huakita ka aromatawaihia mā roto i ngā hua aroturuki taiao rūma ma. Ka mahia tēnei aromatawai mā te tango tauira i ngā mata mō ngā moroiti mā te whakamahi i ngā pereti pā me ngā swab. Mena kāore ngā hua i roto i ngā rohe mahi kua tohua, i ngā paerewa whakahaere ā-roto rānei o te kamupene, tera pea he raruraru ki ngā kaihoko horoi me te patu huakita, te auau o te horoi, te tikanga horoi rānei. I tetahi atu taha, ki te tutuki ngā hua i ngā paerewa, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere rūma ma te kī maia he "ma" tūturu te rūma ma.
Whakarāpopototanga
E waru ngā mahi kua whakarārangihia i runga ake nei hei pupuri i te ma o te rūma ma te whakamahi i ngā kai horoi me ngā kai patu huakita. E taunakihia ana kia whakauruhia ēnei mahi ki roto i ngā tikanga whakahaere paerewa (SOP) me te whakarato whakangungu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaimahi whakahaere. Kia oti te whakamana i te whare, ā, kia whakahaeretia, ko te mea nui ko te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tika, i ngā kai horoi me ngā kai patu huakita e tika ana, me te horoi me te patu huakita tonu i te whare i ngā wā kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei, ka taea te noho ma tonu o te rūma ma.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-13-2025