Kua wehea ngā pūtake o ngā matūriki ki ngā matūriki kore-waro, ngā matūriki waro, me ngā matūriki ora. Mō te tinana tangata, he ngāwari te whakaputa i ngā mate manawa me ngā mate pūkahukahu, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaputa i ngā mate pāwera me ngā mate huaketo; mō ngā maramara silicon, ko te piri o ngā matūriki puehu ka puta he āhua rerekē, he ara iahiko poto rānei o ngā ara iahiko whakauru, ka ngaro ai ngā mahi a ngā maramara, nō reira kua noho te whakahaere i ngā pūtake parahanga moroiti hei wāhanga nui o te whakahaere rūma ma.
Ko te hiranga o te whakahaere taiao rūma ma kei roto i te whakarite kia tutuki ngā paerewa horoi motuhake i roto i te tukanga whakaputa, he mea nui tēnei mō te maha o ngā ahumahi. Koinei te hiranga me te tūranga motuhake o te whakahaere taiao rūma ma:
1. Kia mau te kounga o te hua
1.1 Ārai i te parahanga: I roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā haurua-ira, ngā rongoā, me ngā taputapu hauora, ka raru pea ngā hua i ngā parahanga matūriki iti. Mā te whakahaere i te kounga o te hau me te kukū o ngā matūriki i roto i te rūma ma, ka taea te ārai pai i ēnei parahanga kei pā ki te hua.
Haunga te haumitanga tuatahi ki ngā taputapu pūmārō, me whai pūnaha whakahaere "pūmanawa" pai hoki te tiaki me te whakahaere i te ma o ngā rūma ma kia mau tonu ai te ma. Mai i ngā hua raraunga o te pikitia i runga ake nei, ka kitea ko ngā kaiwhakahaere te mea nui rawa atu ki te ma o te rūma ma. Ina tomo ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te rūma ma, ka nui haere te puehu. Ina haereere ngā tāngata, ka heke tonu te ma. Ka kitea ko te take matua o te hekenga o te ma ko ngā āhuatanga tangata.
1.2 Te Pūmautanga: Mā te taiao rūma ma ka mau tonu te ōritetanga me te auautanga o te tukanga whakaputa, kia mau ai te kounga hua.
Mō te papa karāhe, ka puta he rakuraku i te papa karāhe nā te piri o ngā matūriki puehu, ka puta he ara iahiko poto me ngā mirumiru, me ētahi atu kounga tukanga ngoikore, ka hua ake he para. Nō reira, kua noho te whakahaere i ngā pūtake parahanga hei wāhanga nui o te whakahaere rūma ma.
Te urunga me te ārai i te puehu o waho
Me pupuri tonu te rūma ma i te pēhanga pai tika (>0.5mm/Hg), me mahi pai i te kaupapa hanga tuatahi kia kore ai he turuturu hau, ā, i mua i te kawe mai i ngā kaimahi, ngā taputapu, ngā rauemi mata, ngā taputapu, ngā taonga pau, me ētahi atu ki roto i te rūma ma, me horoi me te muru. Ngā mahi ārai puehu. I taua wā anō, me whakanoho tika ngā taputapu horoi, me whakakapi, me horoi rānei i ia wā.
Te whakaputa puehu me te aukati i roto i ngā rūma ma
Te whiriwhiri tika i ngā rauemi rūma ma pērā i ngā papa wehewehe me ngā papa, te whakahaere i ngā taputapu tukatuka, arā, te tiaki me te horoi auau, kāore e whakaaetia ngā kaimahi whakaputa ki te hikoi haere, ki te nekeneke tinana nui rānei i ō rātou wāhi, ā, ka mahia ngā mahi ārai pērā i te tāpiri whāriki piri ki ngā teihana motuhake.
2. Whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa
2.1 Whakaitihia te tere o te para: Mā te whakaiti i ngā poke me ngā mea poke i roto i te tukanga whakaputa, ka taea te whakaiti i te tere o te para, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere hua, ā, ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
Hei tauira: E 600 ngā taahiraa i roto i te hanga wafer. Mena ko te hua o ia tukanga he 99%, he aha te hua katoa o ngā tukanga tukanga e 600? Whakautu: 0.99^600 = 0.24%.
Kia taea ai te whakahaere i tētahi tukanga i roto i te taha ōhanga, kia pēhea te teitei o te hua e hiahiatia ana mō ia taahiraa?
•0.999^600= 54.8%
•0.9999^600=94.2%
Me eke te hua o ia tukanga ki te neke atu i te 99.99% kia tutuki ai te hua tukanga whakamutunga neke atu i te 90%, ā, ka pā tika te poke o ngā matūriki moroiti ki te hua tukanga.
2.2 Whakateretere i te tukanga: Mā te mahi i roto i te taiao ma ka taea te whakaiti i te wā horoi me te mahi anō kāore e hiahiatia, ā, ka pai ake te tukanga whakaputa.
3. Kia mau te hauora me te haumaru o ngā kaimahi
3.1 Hauora mahi: Mō ētahi tukanga whakaputa ka tukuna pea ngā matū kino, ka taea e ngā rūma ma te ārai i ngā matū kino kei horapa ki te taiao o waho, ā, ka tiakina hoki te hauora o ngā kaimahi. Mai i te whanaketanga o te tangata, kua pai ake te hangarau, ngā taputapu me te mātauranga, engari kua hoki whakamuri te kounga o te hau. E manawa ana te tangata i te 270,000 M3 o te hau i roto i tōna oranga, ā, e 70% ki te 90% o tōna wā e noho ana i roto i te whare. Ka manawahia ngā matūriki ririki e te tinana tangata, ā, ka whakatakotoria ki roto i te pūnaha manawa. Ka whakatakotoria ngā matūriki o te 5 ki te 30um ki roto i te ihu, ka whakatakotoria ngā matūriki o te 1 ki te 5um ki roto i te trachea me te bronchi, ā, ka whakatakotoria ngā matūriki i raro iho i te 1um ki roto i te pakitara alveolar.
Ko te hunga e noho roa ana i roto i te rūma kāore i te nui te hau hou ka pāngia e te "mate o roto", me ngā tohu pēnei i te ānini, te kikī o te uma, me te ngenge, ā, ka pāngia hoki e ngā mate manawa me ngā mate pūnaha io. E ai ki te paerewa ā-motu o tōku whenua, GB/T18883-2002, kaua te nui o te hau hou e iti iho i te 30m3/h.
Ko te nui o te hau hou o te rūma ma me rite ki te uara mōrahi o ngā mea e rua e whai ake nei:
a. Te tapeke o te rōrahi hau e hiahiatia ana hei whakaea i te rōrahi hau e puta ana i roto i te whare, hei whakarite hoki i te uara pēhanga pai o roto.
b. Me whakarite kia whiwhi te hunga mahi o te rūma ma i te hau hou. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa o te rūma ma, kaua e iti iho i te 40m3 te nui o te hau hou mō ia tangata i ia hāora.
3.2 Te hanga haumaru: Mā te whakahaere i ngā tawhā taiao pēnei i te haumākū me te pāmahana, ka taea te karo i ngā tūponotanga haumaru pēnei i te tukunga hiko hei whakarite i te haumaru o te hanga.
4. Whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture me ngā paerewa
4.1 Ngā paerewa ahumahi: He maha ngā ahumahi he tino pakari ā rātou paerewa horoi (pēnei i te ISO 14644), ā, me whakahaere te whakaputa i roto i ngā rūma ma o ngā taumata motuhake. Ko te tutuki i ēnei paerewa ehara i te mea he whakaritenga ture anake, engari he whakaata hoki i te whakataetae a te kamupene.
Mō te papa mahi ma, te whare horoi, te matapihi whakawhiti rere laminar, te wae tātari pā FFU, te kāpata horoi, te taupoki rere laminar, te taupoki pauna, te mata ma, te horoi-whaiaro, me ngā hua raupapa kaukau hau, me whakarite ngā tikanga whakamātautau horoi o ngā hua o nāianei hei whakapai ake i te pono o ngā hua.
4.2 Tiwhikete me te arotake: Paahi i te arotake a ngā tari tiwhikete tuatoru me te whiwhi tiwhikete e tika ana (pēnei i te GMP, ISO 9001, me ētahi atu) hei whakarei ake i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kiritaki me te whakawhānui ake i te urunga ki te mākete.
5. Whakatairanga i te auahatanga hangarau
5.1 Tautoko R&D: Ka whakaratohia e ngā rūma ma he taiao whakamātautau tino pai mō te whakawhanaketanga hua hangarau-tiketike, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakatere i te whanaketanga o ngā hua hou.
5.2 Te arotau i ngā tukanga: I raro i tētahi taiao e tino whakahaeretia ana, he māmā ake te tirotiro me te tātari i te pānga o ngā huringa tukanga ki te mahi a te hua, ā, mā reira ka whakatairanga i te whakapainga tukanga.
6. Whakapai ake i te ahua o te waitohu
6.1 Te whakapūmau i te kounga: Mā te whai i ngā whare whakaputa ma e whai paerewa teitei ana ka taea te whakapai ake i te ahua o te waitohu me te whakapiki ake i te whakawhirinaki o te kiritaki ki te kounga o te hua.
6.2 Te whakataetae mākete: Ko ngā hua ka taea te whakaputa i roto i te taiao ma e kiia ana he tohu kounga teitei me te pono teitei, ā, ka āwhina tēnei i ngā kamupene kia tū motuhake i roto i te whakataetae nui o te mākete.
7. Whakaitihia ngā utu whakatikatika me te tiaki
7.1 Whakaroa i te ora o ngā taputapu: Ko ngā taputapu whakaputa me ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga ma, he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te waikura me te pakaru, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te ratonga me te whakaiti i te auau me ngā utu tiaki.
7.2 Whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao: Mā te arotau i te hoahoa me te whakahaere i ngā rūma ma, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā utu whakahaere.
E whā ngā mātāpono o te whakahaere i ngā mahi o roto i te rūma ma:
1. Kaua e kawea mai:
Kāore e turuturu te anga o te tātari hepa.
Me pupuri tonu te pēhanga kua hoahoatia ki roto i te whare.
Me whakawhiti kākahu ngā kaiwhakahaere ka tomo ki te rūma ma i muri i te kaukau hau.
Me horoi katoa ngā rauemi, ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i mua i te kawe mai.
2. Kaua e whakaputa:
Me mau ngā kaimahi i ngā kākahu kore puehu.
Whakaitihia ngā mahi kāore e hiahiatia ana.
Kaua e whakamahia ngā rauemi e ngāwari ana te puehu.
Kāore e taea te kawe mai i ngā taonga kāore e hiahiatia ana.
3. Kaua e kohikohi:
Kaua he kokonga, he taha rānei o te mīhini e uaua ki te horoi, ki te horoi rānei.
Ngāna kia whakaitihia ngā paipa hau, ngā paipa wai, me ērā atu mea e kitea ana i roto i te whare.
Me whakahaere te horoi kia rite ki ngā tikanga paerewa me ngā wā kua whakaritea.
4. Tangohia tonutia:
Whakanuia te maha o ngā whakawhiti hau.
Puta hau tata ki te wāhanga e whakaputa ana i te puehu.
Whakapaitia te āhua o te hau kia kore ai e piri te puehu ki te hua.
I roto i te poto, he mea nui te whakahaere taiao o ngā rūma ma ki te whakarite i te kounga o ngā hua, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa, te tiaki i te hauora me te haumaru o ngā kaimahi, te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture, te whakatairanga i te auahatanga hangarau, me te whakarei ake i te ahua o te waitohu. Me whai whakaaro katoa ngā umanga ki ēnei āhuatanga i te wā e hanga ana, e tiaki ana hoki i ngā rūma ma kia taea ai e ngā rūma ma te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te whakaputa me te R&D.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 12-2024