E rua ngā pūtake matua o te poke i roto i te rūma ma: ngā matūriki me ngā moroiti, ka puta mai i ngā āhuatanga tangata me te taiao, i ngā mahi rānei e pā ana ki tēnei tukanga. Ahakoa ngā mahi tino pai, ka uru tonu te poke ki roto i te rūma ma. Ko ngā kaikawe poke noa ko ngā tinana tangata (ngā pūtau, ngā makawe), ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te puehu, te paoa, te kohu, ngā taputapu rānei (ngā taputapu taiwhanga, ngā taputapu horoi), me ngā tikanga horoi me ngā tikanga horoi kāore i te tika.
Ko te tangata te kaikawe poke tino noa. Ahakoa ngā kākahu tino pakari me ngā tikanga whakahaere tino pakari, ko ngā kaiwhakahaere kāore i te tino whakangungua te tino mōrearea o te poke i roto i te rūma ma. Ko ngā kaimahi kāore e whai i ngā aratohu rūma ma he tino mōrearea. Mena ka hē tetahi kaimahi, ka wareware rānei i tētahi hikoinga, ka poke te rūma ma katoa. Ka taea anake e te kamupene te whakarite i te poke o te rūma ma mā te aroturuki tonu me te whakahou tonu i ngā whakangungu me te kore tere poke.
Ko ētahi atu pūtake nui o te poke ko ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu. Mēnā ka horoia noa te kāreti, te mīhini rānei i mua i te urunga ki te rūma horoi, ka kawea mai pea he moroiti. He maha ngā wā, kāore ngā kaimahi e mōhio ana ka huri ngā taputapu wira ki runga i ngā mata poke i a rātou e panaia ana ki roto i te rūma horoi. Ka whakamātauhia ngā mata (tae atu ki ngā papa, ngā pakitara, ngā taputapu, me ētahi atu) mō ngā tatauranga ora mā te whakamahi i ngā pereti whakapā motuhake kei roto ngā rauemi tipu pēnei i te Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) me te Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). He rauemi tipu te TSA mō ngā huakita, ā, he rauemi tipu te SDA mō ngā pokepokea ai me ngā rewena. Ko te TSA me te SDA ka whakatipuria i ngā pāmahana rerekē, me te TSA e whakaatuhia ana ki ngā pāmahana i roto i te awhe 30-35˚C, koinei te pāmahana tipu tino pai mō te nuinga o ngā huakita. Ko te awhe 20-25˚C te mea tino pai mō te nuinga o ngā momo pokepokea ai me te rewena.
I mua, ko te rere o te hau te take noa o te poke, engari kua tata kore te poke o te hau e ngā pūnaha HVAC rūma ma o ēnei rā. Ka whakahaerehia, ka aroturukitia hoki te hau i roto i te rūma ma i ia wā (hei tauira, i ia rā, i ia wiki, i ia toru marama) mō te tatau o ngā matūriki, te tatau e tika ana, te pāmahana, me te haumākū. Ka whakamahia ngā tātari HEPA hei whakahaere i te tatau o ngā matūriki i roto i te hau, ā, ka taea te tātari i ngā matūriki ki te 0.2µm. Ko te tikanga ka whakahaerehia tonutia ēnei tātari i te tere rere kua whakaritea hei pupuri i te kounga o te hau i roto i te rūma. Ko te tikanga ka pupurihia te haumākū ki te taumata iti hei ārai i te horapa o ngā moroiti pēnei i te huakita me te pokepokea ai e pai ana ki ngā taiao makuku.
Ina hoki, ko te kaiwhakahaere te taumata teitei rawa atu me te pūtake tino noa o te poke i roto i te rūma ma.
Kāore e tino rerekē ngā pūtake me ngā ara urunga o te poke i ia ahumahi, i ia ahumahi, engari he rerekētanga kei waenganui i ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki ngā taumata poke e taea ana te whakamanawanui, me ngā taumata poke e kore e taea te whakamanawanui. Hei tauira, kāore e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaihanga o ngā papa horomia te pupuri i te taumata horoi rite tonu ki ngā kaihanga o ngā werohanga ka whakaurua tika ki roto i te tinana tangata.
He iti ake te manawanui o ngā kaihanga rongoā ki te poke moroiti i ngā kaihanga hiko hangarau teitei. Kāore e taea e ngā kaihanga hiko iti e whakaputa hua moroiti te whakaae ki tētahi poke matūriki hei whakarite i te mahi a te hua. Nō reira, ko te koretake o te hua ka whakatōkia ki roto i te tinana tangata me te mahi a te maramara, te waea pūkoro rānei te mea e āwangawanga ana ēnei kamupene. Kāore i te tino āwangawanga mō te pokepokea ai, te harore, ētahi atu momo poke moroiti rānei i roto i te rūma ma. I tētahi atu taha, e āwangawanga ana ngā kamupene rongoā mō ngā pūtake poke ora me ngā pūtake poke mate katoa.
Kei raro i te mana o te FDA te umanga rongoā, ā, me tino whai i ngā ture Tikanga Hanga Pai (GMP) nā te mea he tino kino ngā hua o te poke i roto i te umanga rongoā. Ehara i te mea me whakarite noa e ngā kaihanga rongoā kia kore he huakita i roto i ā rātou hua, engari me whai tuhinga me te aroturuki i ngā mea katoa. Ka taea e te kamupene taputapu hangarau teitei te tuku i tētahi pona, i tētahi pouaka whakaata rānei mena ka paahitia e ia tana arotake ā-roto. Engari ehara i te mea ngāwari mō te umanga rongoā, koia te mea nui kia whai, kia whakamahi, kia tuhi hoki te kamupene i ngā tikanga whakahaere rūma ma. Nā te whakaaro ki te utu, he maha ngā kamupene e utu ana i ngā ratonga horoi ngaio o waho hei mahi i ngā ratonga horoi.
Me whakauru ngā matūriki e kitea ana, e kore e kitea ana hoki i roto i tētahi kaupapa whakamātautau taiao whānui mō ngā rūma ma. Ahakoa kāore he whakaritenga kia tautuhia ngā poke katoa i roto i ēnei taiao whakahaeretia e ngā moroiti. Me whakauru e te kaupapa whakahaere taiao he taumata tika mō te tautuhi huakita o ngā tangohanga tauira. He maha ngā tikanga tautuhi huakita e wātea ana i tēnei wā.
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te tautuhi huakita, inā koa ka tae ki te wehenga rūma ma, ko te tikanga tae Gram, nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakarato i ngā tohu whakamārama ki te pūtake o te poke moroiti. Mena ka whakaatuhia e te wehenga me te tautuhi moroiti he cocci Gram-pai, tera pea i ahu mai te poke i te tangata. Mena ka whakaatuhia e te wehenga me te tautuhi moroiti he tokotoko Gram-pai, tera pea i ahu mai te poke i te puehu, i ngā momo ātete-patunga huakita rānei. Mena ka whakaatuhia e te wehenga me te tautuhi moroiti he tokotoko Gram-kino, tera pea i ahu mai te pūtake o te poke i te wai, i tētahi mata mākū rānei.
He mea tino nui te tautuhi i ngā moroiti i roto i te rūma rongoā ma, nā te mea e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te whakapūmau kounga, pērā i te whakamātautau koiora i roto i ngā taiao hanga; te whakamātautau tautuhi huakita o ngā hua mutunga; ngā rauropi kore ingoa i roto i ngā hua parakore me te wai; te whakahaere kounga o te hangarau rokiroki whakapūmau i roto i te umanga hangarau koiora; me te manatoko whakamātautau moroiti i te wā whakamana. Ka piki haere te tikanga a te FDA ki te whakaū ka taea e ngā huakita te ora i roto i tētahi taiao motuhake. Ina nui ake ngā taumata poke moroiti i te taumata kua tohua, ina tohu rānei ngā hua whakamātautau parakore i te poke, me manatoko te whai huatanga o ngā kaihoko horoi me te patu huakita, me te whakakore i te tautuhi i ngā pūtake poke.
E rua ngā tikanga mō te aroturuki i ngā mata taiao o ngā rūma ma:
1. Ngā pereti whakapā
Kei roto i ēnei rihi ahurea motuhake he rauemi whakatipu parakore, kua whakaritea kia teitei ake i te taha o te rihi. Ka hipokina te mata e te taupoki pereti whakapā hei tauira, ā, ka piri ngā moroiti katoa e kitea ana i runga i te mata ki te mata o te agar, ka whakatōkia. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakaatu i te maha o ngā moroiti e kitea ana i runga i te mata.
2. Tikanga Horoi
He mea parakore tēnei, ā, ka rongoatia ki roto i tētahi wai parakore e tika ana. Ka pania te ūkui ki te mata whakamātautau, ā, ka tautuhia te moroiti mā te tango anō i te ūkui ki roto i te rauemi. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā ūkui ki runga i ngā mata kāore i te ōrite, i ngā wāhi rānei e uaua ana ki te tango tauira mā te whakamahi i tētahi pereti whakapā. He whakamātautau kounga ake te ūkui tauira.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-21-2024