He wāhi nui te wāhanga tiaki nui (ICU) hei whakarato ratonga hauora mō ngā tūroro tino mate. Ko te nuinga o ngā tūroro e whakaurua ana ki te hōhipera he hunga ngoikore te ārai mate, ā, he ngāwari ki te pangia e te mate, ā, tera pea ka mau i ngā huakita me ngā huaketo kino. Mena he maha ngā momo mate urutā e rere ana i te rangi, ā, he nui te kukū, he nui te tūponotanga o te pangia whakawhiti. Nō reira, me aro nui te hoahoa o te ICU ki te kounga o te hau o roto.
1. Ngā whakaritenga kounga hau mō te ICU
(1). Ngā whakaritenga kounga hau
Me tutuki i te hau i roto i te ICU ngā whakaritenga mō te horoi nui. Ko te tikanga, me whakahaere te kukū o ngā matūriki e rere ana (pēnei i te puehu, ngā moroiti, me ētahi atu) i roto i te hau i roto i tētahi whānuitanga hei whakarite i te haumaru me te hauora o ngā tūroro. E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga rahi matūriki, pērā i te paerewa ISO14644, me whai taumata ISO 5 (kaua e neke ake i te 35/m³ ngā matūriki 0.5μm) neke atu rānei i roto i te ICU.
(2). Aratau rere hau
Me whakamahi e te pūnaha whakapūhautanga i roto i te ICU ngā momo rere hau e tika ana, pērā i te rere laminar, te rere iho, te pēhanga pai, me ētahi atu, hei whakahaere me te tango i ngā poke.
(3). Te whakahaere i te kawemai me te kaweake
Me whai ara tika te ICU mō te kawemai me te kaweake, ā, me whai tatau ārai-hau, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere urunga rānei hei ārai i ngā poke kei tomo mai, kei turuturu atu rānei.
(4). Ngā mahi patu huakita
Mō ngā taputapu hauora, ngā moenga, ngā papa me ētahi atu mata, me whai tikanga patu huakita e rite ana, me whai mahere patu huakita ā-wā hoki hei whakarite i te ma o te taiao ICU.
(5). Te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te haumākū
Me whai mana whakahaere pāmahana me te haumākū tika te ICU, me te pāmahana i waenga i te 20 me te 25 nekehanga Celsius, me te haumākū whanaunga i waenga i te 30% me te 60%.
(6). Te whakahaere haruru
Me whakahaere ngā mahi whakahaere haruru i roto i te ICU hei whakaiti i te pokanoa me te pānga o te haruru ki ngā tūroro.
2. Ngā kaupapa matua o te hoahoa rūma ma o te ICU
(1). Te wehewehenga o te rohe
Me wehewehe te ICU kia maha ngā wāhi mahi, pērā i te wāhi tiaki nui, te wāhi pokanga, te wharepaku, me ētahi atu, kia tika ai te whakahaere me te mahi.
(2). Te whakatakotoranga o te wāhi
Whakamaheretia te tahora o te wāhi kia rawaka ai te wāhi mahi me te wāhi e wātea ana mō ngā kaimahi hauora ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi maimoatanga, te aroturuki me te whakaora i ngā āhuatanga ohorere.
(3). Pūnaha whakapūngao kaha
Me whakatū he pūnaha hauhautanga ā-ringa hei whakarato i te rere o te hau hou me te ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā poke.
(4). Te whirihoranga o ngā taputapu hauora
Me whakarite ngā taputapu hauora e tika ana, pērā i ngā aroturuki, ngā mīhini whakaea manawa, ngā papu werohanga, me ētahi atu, kia rite ki ngā hiahia tūturu, ā, me whai tikanga te whakatakotoranga o ngā taputapu, me ngāwari ki te whakahaere me te tiaki.
(5). Te rama me te haumaru
Me whakarato i te rama e rawaka ana, tae atu ki te rama taiao me te rama horihori, kia tika ai te tirotiro me te maimoatanga a ngā kaimahi hauora, me te whakarite hoki i ngā mahi haumaru, pērā i ngā whare ārai ahi me ngā pūnaha whakaoho ohorere.
(6). Te whakahaere i te mate urutā
Whakatūria ngā wharepaku me ngā rūma patu huakita, me te whakatakoto i ngā tikanga whakahaere e tika ana hei whakahaere tika i te mōrearea o te horapa o te mate.
3. Te wāhi mahi ma o te ICU
(1). Ngā ihirangi hangahanga o te wāhi mahi ma
Te horoi a ngā kaimahi hauora me ngā nēhi i te tari āwhina, te wāhi whakawhiti tauira mō ngā kaimahi hauora me ngā nēhi, te wāhi poke pea, te rūma pokanga pēhanga pai, te rūma pokanga pēhanga kino, te rūma pokanga āwhina, me ētahi atu.
(2). Te tahora o te rūma pokanga ma.
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia he aratau whakaora i te ara parahanga maha-awa rite ki te āhua o te maihao. Ka wehea māramatia ngā wāhi ma me ngā wāhi paru o te rūma pokanga, ā, ka tomo ngā tāngata me ngā taonga ki te rohe o te rūma pokanga mā roto i ngā rārangi rere rerekē. Me whakarite te rohe o te rūma pokanga kia rite ki te kaupapa o ngā rohe e toru me ngā awa e rua o ngā hōhipera mate pāwera. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kaimahi kia rite ki te ara o roto ma (awa ma) me te ara o waho poke (awa ma). Ko te ara o roto ma he wāhi poke-haurua, ā, ko te ara o waho poke he wāhi poke.
(3). Te whakahoromata i te wāhi mahi
Ka taea e ngā tūroro kāore e manawa te tomo ki te ara roto ma mā te rūma whakawhiti moenga noa, ka haere ki te wāhi pokanga pēhanga pai. Me haere ngā tūroro manawa mā te ara waho kua poke ki te wāhi pokanga pēhanga kino. Ka haere ngā tūroro motuhake he mate pāwera kino ki te wāhi pokanga pēhanga kino mā te hongere motuhake, ka mahi i te patu huakita me te whakahoromata i te huarahi.
4. Ngā paerewa purenga ICU
(1). Taumata ma
Ko ngā rūma ma o te ICU e rere ana i runga i te papa laminar me tutuki i te tikanga horoi 100, neke atu rānei. Ko te tikanga, kaua e neke atu i te 100 ngā wahi o ngā matūriki 0.5 maikoroni te rahi mō ia putu kūpiko o te hau.
(2). Te tuku hau pēhanga pai
Ko ngā rūma ma rere laminar ICU e pupuri ana i te pēhanga pai hei ārai i te poke o waho ki te tomo ki te rūma. Mā te tuku hau pēhanga pai ka taea te whakarite kia rere te hau ma ki waho, ā, ka ārai hoki i te hau o waho ki te tomo.
(3). Ngā tātari Hepa
Me whai tātari hepa te pūnaha whakahaere hau o te wāhanga hauora hei tango i ngā matūriki ririki me ngā moroiti. Mā tēnei ka puta he hau ma.
(4). Te whakapūmau i te hau me te rere o te hau kia tika.
Me whai pūnaha whakapūhauora tika te wāhanga ICU hei whakarite i te tohanga o te hau me te putanga hau kia mau tonu ai te rere o te hau ma.
(5). Te wehewehe tika i te pēhanga kino
Mō ētahi āhuatanga motuhake, pērā i te rongoā i ngā tūroro whai mate pāwera, me whai āheinga wehe pēhanga kino te wāhanga ICU hei ārai i te horapa o ngā mate urutā ki te taiao o waho.
(6). Ngā mahi tino kaha mō te whakahaere i ngā mate urutā
Me tino piri te wāhanga ICU ki ngā kaupapa here me ngā tikanga whakahaere mate urutā, tae atu ki te whakamahinga tika o ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro, te patu huakita i ngā taputapu me ngā mata, me te akuaku o ngā ringa.
(7). Ngā taputapu me ngā whakaurunga e tika ana
Me whakarato e te wāhanga ICU ngā taputapu me ngā whakaurunga e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā taputapu aroturuki, te whakarato hāora, ngā teihana nēhi, ngā taputapu patu huakita, me ētahi atu, kia pai ai te aroturuki me te tiaki i ngā tūroro.
(8). Te tiaki me te horoi i ia wā
Me tiaki tonu, me horoi hoki ngā taputapu me ngā whakaurunga o te wāhanga ICU kia mau ai te mahi me te ma o aua taputapu.
(9). Te whakangungu me te mātauranga
Me whiwhi ngā kaimahi hauora i te wāhanga i ngā whakangungu me ngā mātauranga e tika ana kia mārama ai rātou ki ngā mahi whakahaere mate urutā me ngā tikanga whakahaere kia noho haumaru, kia akuaku hoki te taiao mahi.
5. Ngā paerewa hanga o te ICU
(1). Tauwāhi whenua
Me whai wāhi motuhake te ICU ki tētahi wāhi e pai ana mō te whakawhiti tūroro, te tirotiro me te maimoatanga, ā, me whai whakaaro ki ēnei āhuatanga: te tata ki ngā wāhanga ratonga matua, ngā rūma pokanga, ngā tari whakaahua, ngā taiwhanga me ngā pēke toto, me ētahi atu. Mēnā kāore e taea te "tata" whakapae, me whai whakaaro hoki ki te "tata" poutū ki runga, ki raro hoki.
(2). Te purenga o te hau
Me pai te hauhautanga me te māramatanga o te ICU. He pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha horoi hau me te ahunga rere o te hau mai i runga ki raro, ka taea te whakahaere motuhake i te pāmahana me te haumākū o te rūma. Ko te taumata horoi he 100,000 te nuinga. Me whakahaere motuhake te pūnaha hauhautanga o ia rūma. Me whai wāhi ki ngā taputapu horoi ringa whakapūmau me ngā taputapu patu huakita ringa.
(3). Ngā whakaritenga hoahoa
Me whakarato ngā whakaritenga hoahoa o te ICU i ngā tikanga tirotiro watea mō ngā kaimahi hauora me ngā huarahi ki te whakapā atu ki ngā tūroro i te wā e tika ana. Me whai rerenga hauora whaitake te ICU tae atu ki te rerenga kaimahi me ngā mahi whakahaere, ko te mea pai mā roto i ngā huarahi tomokanga me ngā huarahi putanga rerekē hei whakaiti i ngā momo pokanoa me ngā mate whakawhiti.
(4). Te whakapaipai whare
Me whai te whakapaipai whare o ngā wāhanga ICU i ngā mātāpono whānui o te kore whakaputa puehu, te kore kohikohi puehu, te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te makuku me te harore, te ārai-pūmau, te ngāwari ki te horoi me te tiaki ahi.
(5). Pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
Me whakatū e te ICU tētahi pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero katoa, tētahi pūnaha whakahaere mōhiohio whatunga me te haumanu, tētahi pūnaha pāhoho, me tētahi pūnaha waea whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
(6). Te tahora whānui
Me whakarite te whakatakotoranga whānui o te ICU kia motuhake te wāhi hauora kei reira ngā moenga, te wāhi o ngā rūma āwhina hauora, te wāhi maimoatanga paru me te wāhi o ngā kaimahi hauora e noho ana i ngā rūma āwhina, kia iti ake ai te pokanoa tetahi ki tetahi, kia māmā ake ai hoki te whakahaere i ngā mate.
(7). Te wāhi o te wāhanga
Kaua e iti iho i te 2.8M te tawhiti i waenga i ngā moenga tuwhera i roto i te ICU; kei ia ICU te iti rawa kotahi te wāhanga kotahi, ā, kaua e iti iho i te 18M2 te rahi. Ka taea te whakarite i te whakatūnga o ngā wāhanga wehe pēhanga pai me te pēhanga kino i roto i ia ICU i runga i te pūtake motuhake o te tūroro me ngā whakaritenga o te tari whakahaere hauora. I te nuinga o te wā, 1~2 ngā wāhanga wehe pēhanga kino e rite ana. Mēnā he rawaka ngā rauemi tangata me ngā pūtea, me hoahoa he maha atu ngā rūma takitahi, he wāhanga wehewehe rānei.
(8). Ngā rūma āwhina taketake
Ko ngā rūma āwhina taketake o te ICU ko te tari o te tākuta, te tari o te kaiwhakahaere, te rūma noho o ngā kaimahi, te teihana mahi matua, te rūma maimoatanga, te rūma tohatoha rongoā, te rūma taputapu, te rūma whakakakahu, te rūma horoi, te rūma tukatuka para, te rūma mahi, te rūma horoi, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakauru i ngā ICU he āhuatanga kino ki ētahi atu rūma āwhina, tae atu ki ngā rūma whakaaturanga, ngā rūma manaaki whānau, ngā taiwhanga, ngā rūma whakarite kai, me ētahi atu.
(9). Te whakahaere haruru
Haunga te tohu karanga a te tūroro me te tangi whakaoho o te taputapu aroturuki, me whakaiti te haruru i roto i te ICU ki te iti rawa i te mea e taea ana. Me whakamahi ngā rauemi whakapaipai whare pai hei ārai i te haruru i te papa, i te pakitara me te tuanui.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-20-2025