I roto i ētahi whare ahumahi, pērā i ngā rongoā koiora, te umanga kai, me ētahi atu, me whakamahi me te hoahoa i ngā rama ultraviolet. I roto i te hoahoa rama o te rūma ma, ko tētahi āhuatanga kāore e taea te wareware ko te whakaaro ki te whakatū i ngā rama ultraviolet. Ko te whakahoromata ultraviolet he whakahoromata mata. He wahangu, kāore he paitini, ā, kāore he toenga i te wā e whakahoromata ana. He ohanga, he ngāwari, he watea hoki, nō reira he whānuitia ngā tono. Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā rūma whakahoromata, ngā rūma kararehe me ngā taiwhanga e hiahia ana kia whakahoromatahia i roto i ngā awheawhe takai i roto i te umanga rongoā, me ngā awheawhe takai me te whakakī i roto i te umanga kai; Mō ngā āhuatanga hauora me te hauora, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā rūma pokanga, ngā wāhanga motuhake me ētahi atu wā. Ka taea te whakatau i runga i ngā hiahia o te rangatira mēnā ka tāutahia ngā rama ultraviolet.
1. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu tikanga pēnei i te whakahoromata wera, te whakahoromata ozone, te whakahoromata irahiko, me te whakahoromata matū, he pai ake ngā painga o te whakahoromata hihi-whāwhā:
a. He whai hua ngā hihi ultraviolet ki ngā momo huakita katoa, ā, he whānui te whānuitanga o te whakamatemate.
b. Kāore rawa he pānga ki te mea whakamate (te mea hei whakamātao).
c. Ka taea te whakahoromata tonu, ā, ka taea hoki te whakahoromata i te aroaro o ngā kaimahi.
d. He iti te haumitanga ki ngā taputapu, he iti ngā utu whakahaere, ā, he ngāwari hoki te whakamahi.
2. Te pānga patu huakita o te mārama ultraviolet:
He momo moroiti ngā huakita. Kei roto i ngā moroiti ngā waikawa karihi. I muri i te mimiti i te kaha o te hihi ultraviolet, ka pāngia ngā waikawa karihi e te kino photochemical, ā, ka mate ngā moroiti. He ngaru hikohiko kore e kitea te mārama ultraviolet, he poto ake te roangaru i te mārama papura e kitea ana, ā, ko te whānuitanga o te roangaru he 136~390nm. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā hihi ultraviolet he 253.7nm te roangaru he tino patu huakita. Ko ngā rama patu huakita e hangai ana ki tēnei, ā, ka puta he hihi ultraviolet he 253.7nm. Ko te roangaru mimiti hihi mōrahi o ngā waikawa karihi he 250~260nm, nō reira he pānga patu huakita ngā rama patu huakita ultraviolet. Heoi, he ngoikore te kaha o ngā hihi ultraviolet ki te uru ki te nuinga o ngā matū, ā, ka taea anake te whakamahi hei patu i te mata o ngā mea, ā, kāore he pānga patu huakita ki ngā wāhanga kāore i te whakaatuhia. Mō te whakahoromata i ngā taputapu me ētahi atu taonga, me whakamātao ngā wāhanga katoa o runga, o raro, o maui, me te taha matau, ā, kāore e taea te pupuri i te pānga whakahoromata o ngā hihi ultraviolet mō te wā roa, nō reira me mahi tonu te whakahoromata i runga i te āhuatanga motuhake.
3. Te pūngao hihi me te pānga whakahoromata:
Ka rerekē te kaha whakaputa hihi i runga i te pāmahana, te haumākū, te tere o te hau me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te taiao e whakamahia ana. Ina iti te pāmahana o te taiao, ka iti anō hoki te kaha whakaputa. I te pikinga o te haumākū, ka heke anō hoki tōna pānga whakahoromata. Ko te tikanga, ko ngā rama UV he mea hanga i runga i te haumākū whanaunga tata ki te 60%. Ina piki te haumākū o roto, me piki anō hoki te nui o te hihi nā te mea ka heke te pānga whakahoromata. Hei tauira, ina 70%, 80%, me te 90% te haumākū, kia tutuki ai te pānga whakahoromata ōrite, me whakanui ake te nui o te hihi mā te 50%, 80%, me te 90% ia. Ka pā anō hoki te tere o te hau ki te kaha whakaputa. Hei tāpiri, nā te mea he rerekē te pānga patu huakita o te mārama ultraviolet i runga i ngā momo huakita rerekē, me rerekē te nui o te hihi ultraviolet mō ngā momo huakita rerekē. Hei tauira, ko te nui o te hihi e whakamahia ana hei patu harore he 40 ki te 50 ngā wā nui ake i te mea e whakamahia ana hei patu huakita. Nō reira, ina whakaarohia te pānga whakahoromata o ngā rama patu huakita ultraviolet, kāore e taea te wareware i te pānga o te teitei o te tāutanga. Ka memeha haere te kaha whakahoromata o ngā rama ultraviolet i te roanga o te wā. Ko te kaha putanga o te 100b ka tangohia hei mana whakatauranga, ā, ko te roanga whakamahinga o te rama ultraviolet ki te 70% o te kaha whakatauranga ka tangohia hei roanga toharite. Ina nui ake te roanga whakamahinga o te rama ultraviolet i te roanga toharite, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te hua e tumanakohia ana, ā, me whakakapi i tēnei wā. Ko te roanga toharite o te oranga o ngā rama ultraviolet o te whare ko te 2000h. Ko te hua whakahoromata o ngā hihi ultraviolet ka whakatauhia e te nui o te irahiko (ka taea hoki te kī ko te nui o te irahiko o ngā rama patu huakita ultraviolet ko te nui o te raina whakahoromata), ā, ko te nui o te irahiko he rite tonu ki te kaha o te irahiko kua whakareatia ki te wā irahiko, nō reira me whakanui ake te pānga irahiko, me whakanui ake te kaha o te irahiko, me whakaroa rānei te wā irahiko.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-13-2023