E mōhiotia whānuitia ana, he nui ngā ahumahi kounga teitei, tino tika, me te matatau e kore e taea te mahi me te kore he rūma ma kore puehu, pērā i ngā panera parahi kua whakakikoruatia ki te papa porowhita CCL, ngā papa porowhita tā PCB, ngā mata LCD me ngā LED whakaahua-hiko, ngā pākahiko lithium hiko me te 3C, me ētahi ahumahi rongoā me te kai.
I te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kei te whakapai tonuhia ngā paerewa kounga o ngā hua tautoko e hiahiatia ana e te umanga hanga. Nō reira, ehara i te mea me auaha noa ngā kaihanga ahumahi i ā rātou hua mai i te tukanga whakaputa, engari me whakapai ake hoki i te taiao whakaputa o ngā hua, me whakatinana kaha i ngā whakaritenga taiao rūma ma, me te whakapai ake i te kounga me te pumau o te hua.
Ahakoa ko te whakahoutanga o ngā wheketere o nāianei nā te kounga hua kua pai ake, ko te whakawhānui rānei o ngā wheketere nā te hiahia o te mākete, ka pāngia ngā kaihanga ahumahi e ngā take nui e pā ana ki te heke mai o te hinonga, pēnei i te whakarite kaupapa.
Mai i ngā hanganga ki ngā whakapaipai tautoko, mai i ngā mahi toi ki te hoko taputapu, he maha ngā tukanga kaupapa uaua e whai wāhi ana. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ko te mea nui rawa atu mā te hunga hanga ko te kounga o te kaupapa me te utu whānui.
Ka whakamāramahia i raro nei ētahi āhuatanga nui e pā ana ki te utu o tētahi rūma ma kore puehu i te wā e hanga ana i ngā wheketere ahumahi.
1. Ngā Take Ātea
E rua ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi: te horahanga o te rūma ma me te teitei o te tuanui o te rūma ma, e pā tika ana ki te utu o te whakapaipai o roto me te whare: ngā pakitara wehewehe o te rūma ma me te horahanga o te tuanui o te rūma ma. Ko te utu haumitanga o te hauhautanga, te rahinga o te wāhi e hiahiatia ana mō te kawenga hauhautanga, te tuku me te whakahoki mai o te hauhautanga, te ahunga o te paipa o te hauhautanga, me te maha o ngā pito o te hauhautanga.
Hei karo i te pikinga ake o te haumitanga kaupapa nā te wāhi, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga e rua: te wāhi mahi o ngā taputapu tukanga whakaputa rerekē (tae atu ki te teitei, te whānui rānei o te nekehanga, te tiaki me te whakatika) me te ahunga o te rere o ngā kaimahi me ngā rauemi.
I tēnei wā, e piri ana ngā whare ki ngā mātāpono tiaki whenua, rauemi me te pūngao, nō reira, kāore e tika kia nui rawa te rūma ma e kore e puehu. I te wā e whakarite ana mō te hanganga, me whai whakaaro ki āna ake taputapu tukanga whakaputa me āna tukanga, ka taea ai te karo i ngā utu haumi koretake.
2. Ngā Take Pāmahana, te Makuku me te Ma o te Hau
Ko te pāmahana, te haumākū, me te ma o te hau he raraunga paerewa taiao rūma ma i hangaia mō ngā hua ahumahi, koinei te pūtake hoahoa teitei rawa atu mō te rūma ma, ā, he taurangi nui hoki mō te reiti tohu me te pumau o te hua. Kua wehea ngā paerewa o nāianei ki ngā paerewa ā-motu, ngā paerewa ā-rohe, ngā paerewa ahumahi, me ngā paerewa ā-roto o te umanga.
Ko ngā paerewa pēnei i te whakarōpūtanga o te horoi me ngā paerewa GMP mō te umanga rongoā kei roto i ngā paerewa ā-motu. Mō te nuinga o ngā umanga hanga, ko ngā paerewa mō te rūma ma i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa rerekē ka whakatauhia i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te hua.
Hei tauira, ko te pāmahana me te haumākū o te whakaaturanga, te kiriata maroke, me ngā wāhi kopare whakarewa i roto i te umanga PCB kei waenganui i te 22+1℃ ki te 55+5%, me te ma mai i te akomanga 1000 ki te akomanga 100000. Ko te umanga pākahiko lithium e aro nui ana ki te whakahaere i te haumākū iti, me te haumākū whanaunga i raro iho i te 20%. Ko ētahi awheawhe weronga wai tino kaha me whakahaere i te haumākū whanaunga tata ki te 1%.
Ko te tautuhi i ngā paerewa raraunga taiao mō te rūma ma te mea nui rawa atu e pā ana ki te haumitanga o te kaupapa. Ko te whakatūnga o te taumata ma ka pā ki te utu whakapaipai: kua whakatakotoria ki te akomanga 100000 me runga ake, e hiahiatia ana he panera rūma ma, he tatau me he matapihi rūma ma, he whakaurunga tuku hau mō ngā kaimahi me ngā taonga, tae atu ki ngā papa teitei utu nui. I taua wā anō, ka pā hoki ki te utu o te hauhautanga: ko te teitei ake o te ma, ko te nui ake o te maha o ngā whakawhiti hau e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga purenga, ko te nui ake o te rahinga hau e hiahiatia ana mō te AHU, ā, ko te nui ake o ngā putanga hau hepa i te pito o te awa hau.
Waihoki, ko te whakatakotoranga o te pāmahana me te haumākū i roto i te awheawhe, ehara i te mea ko ngā take utu anake kua whakahuatia ake nei, engari he mea nui anō hoki te whakahaere i te tika. Ko te teitei ake o te tika, ko te tino oti o ngā taputapu tautoko e tika ana. Ina tika te awhe haumākū whanaunga ki te +3%, ki te ± 5% rānei, me tino oti ngā taputapu whakamakuku me te tango haumākū e hiahiatia ana.
Ko te whakatūnga o te pāmahana, te haumākū, me te ma o te awheawhe, ehara i te mea ka pā ki te haumitanga tuatahi anake, engari ka pā hoki ki ngā utu whakahaere i te wāhanga whakamutunga mō tētahi wheketere he turanga pumau tonu. Nō reira, i runga i ngā āhuatanga o āna ake hua whakaputa, me ngā paerewa ā-motu, ngā paerewa ahumahi, me ngā paerewa ā-roto o te hinonga, ko te whakatakoto tika i ngā paerewa raraunga taiao e tutuki ai ōna ake hiahia te taahiraa matua rawa atu i roto i te whakarite ki te hanga i tētahi awheawhe rūma ma.
3. Ētahi atu Take
Haunga ngā whakaritenga matua e rua o te wāhi me te taiao, ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tutuki o ngā awheawhe rūma ma ka warewarehia e ngā kamupene hoahoa, hanga rānei, ka hua ake he nui rawa te pāmahana me te haumākū. Hei tauira, ko te kore e whai whakaaro ki te āhuarangi o waho, kāore e whai whakaaro ki te kaha whakaputanga taputapu, te whakaputa wera taputapu, te whakaputa puehu taputapu me te kaha whakamakuku mai i te tini o ngā kaimahi, me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Mei-12-2023