Me tutuki i te rūma ma ngā paerewa o te Whakahaere Paerewa o te Ao (ISO) kia whakarōpūtia ai. Ko te ISO, i whakatūria i te tau 1947, i whakatūria hei whakatinana i ngā paerewa o te ao mō ngā āhuatanga tairongo o te rangahau pūtaiao me ngā mahi pakihi, pērā i te mahi me ngā matū, ngā rauemi pūngāwerewere, me ngā taputapu tairongo. Ahakoa i hangaia te whakahaere i runga i te tūao, kua whakatakotohia e ngā paerewa kua whakatūria ngā mātāpono taketake e whakahonoretia ana e ngā whakahaere o te ao. I tēnei rā, neke atu i te 20,000 ngā paerewa a te ISO mā ngā kamupene hei whakamahi hei aratohu.
I whakawhanakehia, i hoahoahia hoki te rūma ma tuatahi e Willis Whitfield i te tau 1960. Ko te hoahoa me te kaupapa o tētahi rūma ma he tiaki i ōna tukanga me ōna ihirangi mai i ngā āhuatanga taiao o waho. Ko te hunga e whakamahi ana i te rūma me ngā taonga e whakamatautauria ana, e hangaia ana rānei i roto, ka ārai pea i tētahi rūma ma ki te whakatutuki i ōna paerewa horoi. Me whai mana motuhake hei whakakore i ēnei āhuatanga raruraru i te mea ka taea.
Mā te whakarōpūtanga rūma ma e ine te taumata o te ma mā te tatau i te rahi me te nui o ngā matūriki mō ia rōrahi pūtoru o te hau. Ka tīmata ngā waeine i te ISO 1 ka tae ki te ISO 9, ko te ISO 1 te taumata ma teitei rawa atu, ko te ISO 9 te mea paru rawa atu. Ko te nuinga o ngā rūma ma ka taka ki roto i te awhe ISO 7, 8 rānei.
Te Whakahaere Paerewa o te Ao mō ngā Paerewa Matūriki
| Akomanga | Ngā Matūriki Mōrahi/m3 | WHAEA STD 209E ōrite | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Akomanga 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Akomanga 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Akomanga 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Akomanga 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Akomanga 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Akomanga 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Hau o te Rūma | |||
Ngā Paerewa ā-Motu 209 E – Ngā Whakarōpūtanga Paerewa Rūma Ma
| Ngā Matūriki Mōrahi/m3 | |||||
| Akomanga | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | >=10 µm | >=25 µm |
| Akomanga 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Akomanga 2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Akomanga 3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Akomanga 4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Me pēhea te pupuri i tētahi whakarōpūtanga rūma ma
I te mea ko te kaupapa o tētahi rūma ma he ako, he mahi rānei i ngā wāhanga ngoikore, he mea tino kore pea e whakaurua he mea poke ki roto i taua taiao. Heoi anō, kei reira tonu te tūponotanga, ā, me mahi ngā mahi hei whakahaere i tēnei.
E rua ngā taurangi ka taea te whakaiti i te whakarōpūtanga o tētahi rūma ma. Ko te taurangi tuatahi ko ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i te rūma. Ko te tuarua ko ngā taonga, ngā rauemi rānei e mauria mai ana ki roto. Ahakoa te whakapau kaha o ngā kaimahi o te rūma ma, tera pea ka puta ngā hapa. Ina tere ana, ka wareware pea te tangata ki te whai i ngā tikanga katoa, ka mau i ngā kākahu kāore e tika ana, ka wareware rānei ki tētahi atu āhuatanga o te tiaki whaiaro.
Hei whakahaere i ēnei hapa, he whakaritenga ā ngā kamupene mō te momo kākahu me mau e ngā kaimahi o te rūma ma, e pāngia ana e ngā tukanga e hiahiatia ana i roto i te rūma ma. Ko ngā kākahu rūma ma noa ko te hipoki waewae, te potae, te kupenga makawe rānei, te mau kanohi, te karapu me te kākahu. Ko ngā paerewa tino pakari e whakatau ana i te mau i ngā hūtu tinana katoa he pūnaha hau motuhake hei ārai i te kaimau kei poke te rūma ma i ō rātou manawa.
Ngā raruraru o te pupuri i tētahi whakarōpūtanga rūma ma
Ko te kounga o te pūnaha rere hau i roto i te rūma ma te mea nui rawa atu e pā ana ki te pupuri i tētahi whakarōpūtanga rūma ma. Ahakoa kua whiwhi whakarōpūtanga kē te rūma ma, ka taea te whakarerekē, te ngaro rānei i taua whakarōpūtanga mena he ngoikore te pūnaha tātari hau. He nui te whakawhirinaki o te pūnaha ki te maha o ngā tātari e hiahiatia ana me te pai o te rere o te hau.
Ko tētahi mea nui hei whakaaroaro ko te utu, koinei te wāhanga nui rawa atu o te pupuri i tētahi rūma ma. I te whakamahere ki te hanga i tētahi rūma ma ki tētahi paerewa motuhake, me whai whakaaro ngā kaihanga ki ētahi mea. Ko te mea tuatahi ko te maha o ngā tātari e hiahiatia ana hei tiaki i te kounga o te hau o te rūma. Ko te mea tuarua hei whakaaroaro ko te pūnaha hauhautanga hei whakarite kia mau tonu te pāmahana i roto i te rūma ma. Hei whakamutunga, ko te tuatoru o ngā mea ko te hoahoa o te rūma. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ka tono ngā kamupene mō tētahi rūma ma he nui ake, he iti iho rānei i tā rātou e hiahia ana. Nō reira, me āta tātari te hoahoa o te rūma ma kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tika o tana tono.
Ko ēhea ngā ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā whakarōpūtanga rūma ma tino pakari?
I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, he mea nui ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te hanga taputapu hangarau. Ko tētahi o ngā take nui ko te whakahaere i ngā wāhanga iti ka whakararuraru i te mahi a tētahi taputapu tairongo.
Ko te hiahia nui mō tētahi taiao kore poke ko te umanga rongoā, ina taea e ngā kohu, ngā poke hau rānei te whakakino i te hanga rongoā. Me whakamana ngā umanga e hanga ana i ngā ara iahiko iti uaua mō ngā taputapu tika kia tiakina te hanga me te huihuinga. Ko ēnei anake e rua o ngā umanga maha e whakamahi ana i ngā rūma ma. Ko ētahi ko te rererangi, te whatu, me te nanotechnology. Kua iti ake, kua tairongo ake ngā taputapu hangarau i mua, koia te take ka noho tonu ngā rūma ma hei taonga nui i roto i te hanga me te whakaputa whai hua.
Wā tuku: Maehe-29-2023