Ariā rūma ma
Te purenga: e pā ana ki te tukanga tango i ngā poke kia whiwhi ai i te poke e tika ana.
Te purenga o te hau: te mahi tango i ngā poke o te hau hei mea kia ma.
Matūriki: he matū totoka, he matū wai hoki, he rahi whānui mai i te 0.001 ki te 1000μm.
Ngā matūriki iri: ngā matūriki totoka me ngā matūriki wai me te whānuitanga rahi o te 0.1 ki te 5μm i te hau e whakamahia ana hei whakarōpūtanga i te ma o te hau.
Whakamātautau tūmau: he whakamātautau e whakahaerehia ana i te wā e mahi noa ana te pūnaha hauhautanga rūma ma, kua tāutahia ngā taputapu tukatuka, ā, kāore he kaimahi whakaputa i roto i te rūma ma.
Whakamātautau hihiri: he whakamātautau e whakahaerehia ana i te wā e mahi ana te rūma horoi i roto i te mahi whakaputa noa.
Te korenga o ngā mea ora: te korenga o ngā mea ora.
Te whakahoromata: he tikanga hei whakatutuki i te āhua whakahoromata. Te rerekētanga i waenga i te rūma ma me te rūma hauhautanga noa. Ko ngā rūma ma me ngā rūma hauhautanga noa he wāhi e whakamahia ana ngā tikanga horihori hei waihanga me te pupuri i te taiao hau e eke ana ki tētahi pāmahana, haumākū, tere rere me te purenga hau. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā mea e rua penei:
Rūma ma, rūma hauhautanga noa
Me whakahaere te hau o roto i ngā matūriki e iri ana. Me eke te pāmahana, te haumākū, te tere o te rere o te hau me te rōrahi o te hau ki tētahi auau whakapūmau (rere kotahi-ahunga ki te rūma horoi 400-600 wā/h, rūma horoi kore-ahunga 15-60 wā/h).
I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakaitihia te pāmahana mā te 8-10 wā/h. He pumau te pāmahana o te rūma, 10-15 wā/h. Haunga te aroturuki i te pāmahana me te haumākū, me whakamātau tonu te horoi. Me whakamātau tonu te pāmahana me te haumākū. Me tika te tātari i ngā wāhanga e toru mō te tukunga hau, ā, me whakamahi te pūrua i ngā tātari hau hepa. Whakamahia ngā taputapu tuatahi, waenga me te whakawhiti wera me te makuku. Me whai pēhanga pai te rūma ma ≥10Pa mō te wāhi e karapoti ana. He pēhanga pai, engari kāore he whakaritenga whakatikatika. Me whakawhiti hu motuhake me ngā kākahu parakore ngā kaimahi e tomo ana, ā, me haere mā te ua hau. Wehea te rere o te tangata me ngā mahi kawe.
Ngā matūriki iri: e pā ana ki ngā matūriki totoka me ngā matūriki wai e iri ana i te hau, ā, ko te awhe rahi o te matūriki kei waenganui i te 0.1 ki te 5μm. Te ma: e whakamahia ana hei tohu i te rahi me te maha o ngā matūriki kei roto i te hau mō ia wae rōrahi o te wāhi, koinei te paerewa hei wehewehe i te ma o te wāhi.
Raka hau: He rūma ārai i whakatūria ki te tomokanga me te putanga o tētahi rūma ma hei aukati i te rere o te hau poke me te whakahaere i ngā rerekētanga pehanga mai i waho, i ngā rūma tata rānei.
Pūhau hau: He momo ārai hau e whakamahi ana i ngā pā hau, ngā tātari, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere hei pupuhi i te hau ki te taha o te hunga e tomo ana ki te rūma. Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi whai hua hei whakaiti i te parahanga o waho.
Kākahu mahi ma: Ko ngā kākahu ma, he iti te puehu e puta mai ana, e whakamahia ana hei whakaiti i ngā matūriki e puta mai ana i ngā kaimahi.
Tātari hau Hepa: He tātari hau he nui ake i te 99.9% te pai o te hopu mō ngā matūriki he nui ake i te 0.3μm te whānui, he rite rānei ki te 0.3μm, ā, he iti iho i te 250Pa te ātete rere o te hau i te rōrahi hau kua whakatauria.
Tātari hau Ultra-hepa: He tātari hau he nui ake i te 99.999% te pai o te hopu mō ngā matūriki he whānui mai i te 0.1 ki te 0.2μm, ā, he iti iho i te 280Pa te ātete rere o te hau i te rōrahi hau kua whakatauria.
Awheawhe ma: He mea tito mai i te hauhautanga pokapū me te pūnaha horoi hau, ā, koinei hoki te ngākau o te pūnaha horoi, e mahi tahi ana hei whakarite i te noho noa o ngā tawhā rerekē. Te whakahaere pāmahana me te haumākū: Ko te awheawhe ma te whakaritenga taiao o te GMP mō ngā umanga rongoā, ā, ko te pūnaha hauhautanga rūma ma (HVAC) te taurangi matua mō te whakatutuki i te rohe horoi. Ka taea te wehewehe i te pūnaha hauhautanga pokapū rūma ma ki ngā wāhanga e rua: Pūnaha hauhautanga DC: ko te hau o waho kua tukatukahia, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te wāhi ka tukuna ki roto i te rūma, kātahi ka tukuna te hau katoa. Ka kiia hoki he pūnaha putanga katoa, e whakamahia ana mō ngā awheawhe me ngā whakaritenga tukanga motuhake. Ko te wāhi whakaputa puehu i te papa tuawhā o te awheawhe o nāianei no tēnei momo, pērā i te rūma whakamaroke granulation, te wāhi whakakī papa, te wāhi paninga, te wāhi kuru me te wāhi pauna. Nā te mea he nui te puehu e puta mai ana i te awheawhe, ka whakamahia he pūnaha hauhautanga DC. Pūnaha hauhautanga hurihanga anō: arā, ko te tuku hau rūma ma he ranunga o tetahi wāhanga o te hau hou o waho kua tukatukahia me tetahi wāhanga o te hau hoki mai i te wāhi rūma ma. Ko te nui o te hau hou o waho ka tatauhia kia 30% o te nui katoa o te hau i roto i te rūma ma, ā, me tutuki hoki te hiahia ki te utu mō te hau e puta mai ana i te rūma. Ka wehea te hurihanga anō ki te hau whakahoki tuatahi me te hau whakahoki tuarua. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te hau whakahoki tuatahi me te hau whakahoki tuarua: I roto i te pūnaha hauhautanga o te rūma ma, ko te hau whakahoki tuatahi e pā ana ki te hau whakahoki o roto e whakaranua tuatahitia ana ki te hau hou, kātahi ka tukatukahia e te whakamatao mata (te rūma rehu wai rānei) kia tae ki te āhua tomairangi mīhini, kātahi ka whakamahanahia e te whakamahana tuatahi kia tae ki te āhua tuku hau (mō te pūnaha pāmahana me te haumākū pumau). Ko te tikanga hau whakahoki tuarua ko te whakaranu i te hau whakahoki tuatahi ki te hau hou ka tukatukahia e te whakamatao mata (te rūma rehu wai rānei) kia tae ki te āhua tomairangi mīhini, kātahi ka whakaranua ki te hau whakahoki o roto kotahi, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i te āhua tuku hau o roto mā te whakahaere i te ōwehenga whakaranu (te nuinga o te pūnaha whakamaroke).
Pēhanga pai: I te nuinga o te wā, me pupuri tonu te pēhanga pai i roto i ngā rūma ma hei ārai i te rere o te parahanga o waho, ā, he pai hoki mō te tukunga o te puehu o roto. Ko te uara pēhanga pai e whai ake nei i ngā hoahoa e rua: 1) Ko te rerekētanga pēhanga i waenga i ngā rūma ma o ngā taumata rerekē me waenga i ngā wāhi ma me ngā wāhi kāore i te ma kaua e iti iho i te 5Pa; 2) Ko te rerekētanga pēhanga i waenga i ngā awheawhe ma o roto me o waho kaua e iti iho i te 10Pa, ko te tikanga 10~20Pa. (1Pa=1N/m2) E ai ki te "Whakatakotoranga Hoahoa Rūma Ma", me tutuki i te kōwhiringa rauemi o te hanganga tiaki o te rūma ma ngā whakaritenga o te whakamarumaru wera, te whakamarumaru wera, te ārai ahi, te ātete makuku, me te iti o te puehu. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā whakaritenga pāmahana me te makuku, te whakahaere rerekētanga pēhanga, te rere o te hau me te rahinga tuku hau, te tomo me te putanga o te tangata, me te maimoatanga horoi hau kua whakaritea me te mahi tahi hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha rūma ma.
- Ngā whakaritenga pāmahana me te haumākū
Me rite te pāmahana me te haumākū o te rūma ma ki ngā whakaritenga whakaputa o te hua, ā, me whakamana te taiao whakaputa o te hua me te whakamarie o te kaiwhakahaere. Mēnā kāore he whakaritenga motuhake mō te whakaputa hua, ka taea te whakahaere i te awhe pāmahana o te rūma ma i te 18-26℃, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i te haumākū o te 45-65%. I te mea he tino kaha te whakahaere i te poke moroiti i roto i te wāhi matua o te mahi aseptic, he whakaritenga motuhake mō ngā kākahu o ngā kaiwhakahaere i tēnei wāhi. Nō reira, ka taea te whakatau i te pāmahana me te haumākū o te wāhi ma i runga i ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te tukanga me te hua.
- Whakahaere rerekētanga pēhanga
Hei karo i te poke o te rūma ma i te rūma tata, mā te rere o te hau i ngā āputa o te whare (ngā āputa kuaha, ngā urunga pakitara, ngā paipa, me ētahi atu) i te ahunga kua tohua ka taea te whakaiti i te rere o ngā matūriki kino. Ko te tikanga hei whakahaere i te ahunga o te rere o te hau ko te whakahaere i te pēhanga o te wāhi tata. Me pupuri tonu te rerekētanga pēhanga ine (DP) i waenganui i te rūma ma me te wāhi tata me te iti ake te ma. Ko te uara DP i waenganui i ngā taumata hau rerekē i roto i te GMP o Haina me kaua e iti iho i te 10Pa, ā, me pupuri tonu te rerekētanga pēhanga pai, kino rānei i runga i ngā whakaritenga tukanga.
- Ko te tauira rere o te hau me te nui o te hau e tukuna ana, ko te whakaritenga tika o te rere o te hau tētahi o ngā tino kaupapa hei ārai i te parahanga me te whakawhiti-parahanga i roto i te wāhi ma. Ko te whakaritenga tika o te rere o te hau ko te whakarite kia tere, kia ōrite te horapa o te hau o te rūma ma ki roto, kia horapa rānei ki te wāhi ma katoa, kia whakaitihia ngā au hurihuri me ngā kokonga mate, kia waimeha te puehu me ngā huakita e tukuna ana e te parahanga o roto, kia tere, kia whai hua hoki te tuku atu i aua mea, kia whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te paru me ngā huakita ki te poke i te hua, kia mau tonu te ma e hiahiatia ana i roto i te rūma. Nā te mea ka whakahaere te hangarau ma i te kukū o ngā matūriki iri i roto i te āhuarangi, ā, he nui ake te nui o te hau e tukuna ana ki te rūma ma i tērā e hiahiatia ana e ngā rūma hauhautanga whānui, he rerekē rawa te āhua o te whakaritenga o te rere o te hau i a rātou. E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te tauira rere o te hau:
- Rere kotahi-ahunga: rere hau me ngā rerenga whakarara i te ahunga kotahi me te tere o te hau i te taha whakawhiti; (E rua ngā momo: te rere kotahi-ahunga poutū me te rere kotahi-ahunga whakapae.)
- Rere kore-ahu kotahi: e pā ana ki te rere o te hau kāore e tutuki i te whakamāramatanga o te rere ahu kotahi.
3. Rerenga Whakaranu: he rere hau e titoa ana i te rere kotahi-ahunga me te rere kore-ahunga. I te nuinga o te wā, ka rere pai te rere kotahi-ahunga mai i te taha tuku hau o roto ki tōna taha whakahoki hau, ā, ka taea e te ma te tae ki te akomanga 100. Ko te ma o ngā rūma ma kore-ahunga kei waenganui i te akomanga 1,000 me te akomanga 100,000, ā, ka taea e te ma o ngā rūma ma rere whakauru te tae ki te akomanga 100 i ētahi wāhi. I roto i te pūnaha rere whakapae, ka rere te rere o te hau mai i tētahi pakitara ki tētahi atu. I roto i te pūnaha rere poutū, ka rere te rere o te hau mai i te tuanui ki te whenua. Ko te āhua o te hauhautanga o tētahi rūma ma ka taea te whakaatu i te tikanga māmā ake mā te "auau whakawhiti hau": ko te "huringa hau" ko te nui o te hau e tomo ana ki te wāhi ia hāora ka wehea ki te nui o te wāhi. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā nui o te tuku hau ma e tukuna ana ki roto i te rūma ma, he rerekē anō hoki te ma o te rūma. E ai ki ngā tātaitanga ariā me ngā wheako mahi, ko te wheako whānui o ngā wā whakapūhautanga e whai ake nei, hei whakatau tata mō te nui o te hau e tukuna ana i roto i te rūma ma: 1) Mō te akomanga 100,000, ko ngā wā whakapūhautanga he nui ake i te 15 wā/haora; 2) Mō te akomanga 10,000, ko ngā wā whakapūhautanga he nui ake i te 25 wā/haora; 3) Mō te akomanga 1000, ko ngā wā whakapūhautanga he nui ake i te 50 wā/haora; 4) Mō te akomanga 100, ka tatauhia te nui o te hau e tukuna ana i runga i te tere hau whakawhiti-wāhanga o te hau e tukuna ana i te 0.2-0.45m/s. He mea nui te hoahoa nui o te hau e tika ana hei whakarite i te ma o te wāhi ma. Ahakoa he pai te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā whakapūhautanga rūma hei whakarite i te ma, ka nui rawa te hau e tukuna ana hei maumau pūngao. Taumata ma o te hau te maha nui rawa o ngā matūriki puehu e whakaaetia ana (pūmau) te maha nui rawa o ngā moroiti e whakaaetia ana (pūmau) te auau whakapūhautanga (ia haora)
4. Te tomo me te puta o te tangata me ngā taonga
Mō ngā raka rūma ma, ka whakatakotoria i te tomokanga me te putanga o te rūma ma hei aukati i te rere o te hau poke o waho, hei whakahaere hoki i te rerekētanga o te pēhanga. Kua whakaritea te rūma ārai. Ka whakahaerehia e ēnei rūma taputapu raka te wāhi tomo me te putanga mā roto i ētahi tatau, ā, ka whakaratohia hoki he wāhi mō te mau/tango i ngā kākahu ma, te patu huakita, te horoi me ētahi atu mahi. Ko ngā raka hiko me ngā raka hau e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Pouaka Uru: Kei roto i te pouaka uru, i te putanga hoki o ngā rauemi ki roto i te rūma ma, ko te pouaka uru, me ētahi atu. He mahi ārai ēnei wāhanga i roto i te whakawhiti rauemi i waenga i te wāhi ma me te wāhi kāore i te ma. Kāore e taea te whakatuwhera i ō rātou tatau e rua i te wā kotahi, e ārai ana i te hau o waho e tomo, e puta rānei i te awheawhe ina tukuna ngā taonga. Hei tāpiri, ko te pouaka uru me te taputapu rama ultraviolet kāore e taea te pupuri i te pēhanga pai i roto i te rūma kia pumau, kia ārai i te parahanga, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga GMP, engari he mahi anō hoki ki te whakahoromata me te patu huakita.
Hauātea: Ko te rūma hauātea te ara e tomo ai, e puta ai hoki ngā taonga i te rūma ma, ā, he rūma hauātea hoki e kati ana i te rūma ma. Hei whakaiti i te nui o ngā matūriki puehu e kawea mai ana e ngā taonga ki roto, ki waho hoki, ka rehuhia te rere o te hau mā e tātarihia ana e te tātari hepa mai i ngā taha katoa e te pūwero hurihuri ki ngā taonga, kia tere ai te tango i ngā matūriki puehu. Mena he hauātea, me pupuhi me te kaukau kia rite ki ngā ture i mua i te urunga ki te awheawhe horoi kore puehu. I taua wā anō, me whai pūmau i ngā whakaritenga me ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga o te hauātea.
- Te maimoatanga purenga hau me ōna āhuatanga
He hangarau whānui te hangarau purenga hau hei waihanga i tētahi taiao hau ma, hei whakarite me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua. Ko te mahi matua he tātari i ngā matūriki i te hau kia whiwhi ai i te hau ma, kātahi ka rere i te ahunga kotahi i te tere ōrite whakarara, poutū rānei, ka horoi i te hau me ngā matūriki e karapoti ana, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te purenga hau. Me waiho te pūnaha hauhautanga o te rūma ma hei pūnaha hauhautanga parakore me ngā maimoatanga tātari e toru ngā wāhanga: te tātari tuatahi, te tātari waenga me te tātari hepa. Me whakarite kia ma te hau e tukuna ana ki te rūma, ā, ka taea te whakawai i te hau poke i roto i te rūma. Ko te tātari tuatahi he mea pai mō te tātari tuatahi o ngā pūnaha hauhautanga me te hauhautanga me te tātari hau whakahoki i roto i ngā rūma ma. He mea hanga te tātari mai i ngā muka horihori me te rino konukōre. Ka taea e ia te aukati i ngā matūriki puehu me te kore e hanga i te ātete nui ki te rere o te hau. Ko ngā muka e raranga matapōkeretia ana ka hanga he arai maha ki ngā matūriki, ā, ko te whānui o te wāhi i waenganui i ngā muka ka taea te rere o te hau kia maeneene hei tiaki i te taumata tātari e whai ake nei i roto i te pūnaha me te pūnaha tonu. E rua ngā āhuatanga mō te rere o te hau o roto e kore e pirau: ko tētahi he laminar (arā, ko ngā matūriki katoa e iri ana i roto i te rūma e puritia ana i roto i te paparanga laminar); ko tētahi he non-laminar (arā, he pōrearea te rere o te hau o roto). I te nuinga o ngā rūma ma, he non-laminar (pōrearea) te rere o te hau o roto, e kore e taea te whakaranu tere i ngā matūriki iri e mau ana i te hau, engari ka rere anō hoki ngā matūriki tūmau i roto i te rūma, ā, ka taea hoki e ētahi hau te noho pūmau.
6. Te ārai ahi me te whakawātea i ngā awheawhe ma
1) Kaua te taumata ātete ahi o ngā awheawhe ma e iti iho i te taumata 2;
2) Me whakarōpūtia, me whakatinanahia hoki te tūponotanga ahi o ngā awheawhe whakaputa i roto i ngā awheawhe ma i runga anō i te paerewa ā-motu o nāianei "Waehere mō te Ārai Ahi o te Hoahoa Whare".
3) Me kore e mura ngā panera tuanui me ngā pakitara o te rūma ma, ā, kaua hoki e whakamahia ngā rauemi hiato waro. Kaua te rohe ātete ahi o te tuanui e iti iho i te 0.4h, ā, kaua te rohe ātete ahi o te tuanui o te ara whakawātea e iti iho i te 1.0h.
4) I roto i tētahi whare wheketere whānui i roto i te rohe ahi, me whakatakoto he ārai tinana kore-mura i waenganui i ngā wāhi whakaputa ma me ngā wāhi whakaputa whānui. Kaua e iti iho i te 1 hāora te rohe ātete ahi o te pakitara wehewehe me tōna tuanui e rite ana. Me whakamahi ngā rauemi ātete ahi, ātete ahi rānei hei whakakī pūmau i ngā paipa e haere ana i roto i te pakitara, i te tuanui rānei;
5) Me marara ngā putanga haumaru, ā, kaua he ara kopikopiko mai i te papa whakaputa ki te putanga haumaru, ā, me whakatū he tohu whakawātea mārama.
6) Me whakatuwhera te tatau whakawātea haumaru e hono ana i te wāhi ma ki te wāhi kāore i te ma me te wāhi ma i waho ki te taha whakawātea. Kaua te tatau whakawātea haumaru e waiho hei tatau iri, hei tatau motuhake, hei tatau reti taha, hei tatau hiko aunoa rānei. Me whai tatau me ngā matapihi te pakitara o waho o te awheawhe ma me te wāhi ma i te papa kotahi kia taea ai e ngā kaipatu ahi te tomo ki te wāhi ma o te awheawhe, ā, me whakatakoto he putanga ahi motuhake ki te wāhanga tika o te pakitara o waho.
Te whakamāramatanga o te awheawhe GMP: Ko te GMP te whakarāpopototanga o te Tikanga Hanga Pai. Ko tōna kaupapa matua he whakatakoto i ngā whakaritenga whakahau mō te whai take o te tukanga whakaputa a te umanga, te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu whakaputa, me te tika me te paerewa o ngā mahi whakaputa. Ko te tiwhikete GMP e pā ana ki te tukanga e whakarite ana te kāwanatanga me ngā tari e tika ana i ngā tirotirohanga o ngā āhuatanga katoa o te umanga, pēnei i ngā kaimahi, te whakangungu, ngā whare tipu, te taiao whakaputa, ngā āhuatanga akuaku, te whakahaere rauemi, te whakahaere whakaputa, te whakahaere kounga, me te whakahaere hoko, hei aromatawai mēnā e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ture. E hiahia ana te GMP kia whai taputapu whakaputa pai ngā kaihanga hua, ngā tukanga whakaputa whaitake, te whakahaere kounga tino tika me ngā pūnaha whakamātautau pakari hei whakarite kia tutuki i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga ngā whakaritenga o ngā ture. Me whakahaere te whakaputanga o ētahi hua i roto i ngā awheawhe whai tiwhikete GMP. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te GMP, te whakapai ake i te kounga hua, me te whakarei ake i ngā ariā ratonga te turanga me te pūtake o te whanaketanga o ngā umanga iti me te rahi-rahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga mākete. Te parahanga rūma ma me tōna whakahaere: Te whakamāramatanga o te parahanga: Ko te parahanga e pā ana ki ngā matū koretake katoa. Ahakoa he rauemi, he pūngao rānei, mena ehara i te wāhanga o te hua, kāore e hiahiatia kia noho, kia pā ki te mahi a te hua. E whā ngā pūtake matua o te parahanga: 1. Ngā whare (tuanui, papa, pakitara); 2. Ngā taputapu, ngā taputapu; 3. Ngā kaimahi; 4. Ngā hua. Kia mōhio: Ka taea te ine i te parahanga moroiti i roto i ngā maikoroni, arā: 1000μm=1mm. I te nuinga o te wā ka kitea noa e tātou ngā matūriki puehu he nui ake i te 50μm te rahi, ā, ko ngā matūriki puehu iti iho i te 50μm ka kitea noa mā te karu hiko. Ko te parahanga moroiti rūma ma e ahu mai ana i ngā āhuatanga e rua: te parahanga o te tinana tangata me te parahanga o te pūnaha taputapu awheawhe. I raro i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana noa, ka tukuna tonutia e te tinana tangata ngā unahi pūtau, ko te nuinga o ēnei he huakita. Nā te mea he nui ngā matūriki puehu e whakatārewatia ana e te hau, ka whakaratohia he kawe me ngā āhuatanga noho mō ngā huakita, nō reira ko te āhuarangi te pūtake matua o ngā huakita. Ko te tangata te pūtake nui o te parahanga. Ina kōrero, ina neke te tangata, ka tukuna e rātou he nui ngā matūriki puehu, ka piri ki te mata o te hua ka poke i te hua. Ahakoa he kakahu ma ngā kaimahi e mahi ana i roto i te rūma ma, kāore e taea e ngā kakahu ma te ārai katoa i te horapa o ngā matūriki. He maha ngā matūriki nunui ka tau wawe ki runga i te mata o te mea nā te kaha o te kaha, ā, ka taka ētahi atu matūriki iti ki runga i te mata o te mea me te nekehanga o te hau. Ina tae ngā matūriki iti ki tētahi kukū me te huihui tahi, ka kitea e te kanohi tahanga. Hei whakaiti i te parahanga o ngā rūma ma e ngā kaimahi, me tino whai ngā kaimahi i ngā ture i te wā e tomo ana, e puta ana. Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i mua i te tomo ki te rūma ma ko te tango i tō koti i roto i te rūma tuatahi o te nekehanga, kakahuria ngā hū paerewa, kātahi ka tomo ki te rūma tuarua o te nekehanga ki te whakawhiti hū. I mua i te tomo ki te rūma tuarua o te nekehanga, horoia ō ringaringa, ka whakamaroke i roto i te rūma ārai. Whakamarokehia ō ringaringa ki mua me muri o ō ringaringa kia kore rā anō ō ringaringa e mākū. I muri i te tomo ki te rūma tuarua o te nekehanga, whakawhitihia ngā hū o te nekehanga tuatahi, kakahuria ngā kākahu mahi parakore, ka kakahuria ngā hū horoi o te nekehanga tuarua. E toru ngā mea matua i te wā e mau ana i ngā kākahu mahi ma: A. Kākahu pai, kaua hoki e whakaatu i ō makawe; B. Me taupoki te ihu e te kopare; C. Horoia te puehu o ngā kākahu mahi ma i mua i te tomokanga ki te awheawhe ma. I roto i te whakahaere whakaputa, hei tāpiri atu ki ētahi āhuatanga whaitake, he maha tonu ngā kaimahi kāore e tomo ki te wāhi ma e ai ki te hiahia, ā, kāore hoki ngā rauemi e whakahaeretia kia tino tika. Nō reira, me tino whakahau ngā kaihanga hua i ngā kaiwhakahaere whakaputa me te whakatipu i te mōhiotanga ki te horoi o ngā kaimahi whakaputa. Te parahanga tangata - te huakita:
1. Te parahanga e puta mai ana i te tangata: (1) Kiri: Ko te tikanga ka marere katoa te kiri o te tangata i ia whā rā, ā, e 1,000 ngā wahi kiri e marere ana i te tangata i ia meneti (ko te rahi toharite he 30*60*3 maikorona) (2) Makawe: Kei te marere tonu te makawe tangata (ko te diameter he 50~100 maikorona). (3) Huware: kei roto ko te konutai, ngā whākōkī, te tote, te pāhare pākawa, te hauota me ngā matūriki kai. (4) Ngā kākahu o ia rā: ngā matūriki, ngā muka, te silica, te cellulose, ngā momo matū me ngā huakita. (5) Ka puta i te tangata he 10,000 ngā matūriki he nui ake i te 0.3 maikorona i ia meneti i a rātou e noho ana, e noho ana rānei.
2. E whakaatu ana te tātari i ngā raraunga whakamātautau o tāwāhi: (1) I roto i tētahi rūma ma, ina mau ngā kaimahi i ngā kākahu parakore: ko te nui o ngā huakita e puta ana i a rātou e noho puku ana ko te 10~300/min. Ko te nui o ngā huakita e puta ana i te wā e mahi ana te tinana o te tangata ko te 150~1000/min. Ko te nui o ngā huakita e puta ana i te wā e hikoi tere ana te tangata ko te 900~2500/min.tangata. (2) Ko te mare ko te 70~700/min.tangata. (3) Ko te tihe ko te 4000~62000/min.tangata. (4) Ko te nui o ngā huakita e puta ana i te wā e mau ana i ngā kākahu noa ko te 3300~62000/min.tangata. (5) Ko te nui o ngā huakita e puta ana me te kore he kopare: ko te nui o ngā huakita e puta ana me te kopare ko te 1:7~1:14.
Wā tuku: Maehe-05-2025